Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHB) isolated from the marine red alga, Polysiphonia morrowii, in mouse bone-marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized mice. DHB inhibited IgE/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-induced BMCMCs degranulation by reducing the release of β-hexosaminidase without inducing cytotoxicity. Further, DHB dose-dependently decreased the IgE binding and high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression and FcεRI-IgE binding on the surface of BMCMCs. Moreover, DHB suppressed the secretion and/or the expression of the allergic cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the chemokine, thymus activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), by regulating the phosphorylation of IκBα and the translocation of cytoplasmic NF-κB into the nucleus. Furthermore, DHB attenuated the passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction reducing the exuded Evans blue amount in the mouse ear stimulated by IgE/BSA. These results suggest that DHB is a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of type I allergic disorders.
Highlights
The rapidly increasing incidence of allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema, has become a significant public health problem [1,2]
We analyzed the antiallergic effect of DHB isolated from P. morrowii, a red alga, in immunoglobulin E (IgE)/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-stimulated bone-marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) and a passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) mouse model and evaluated its biological mechanism
It was reported that DHB derived from P. mume seed inhibited β-hexosaminidase release upon antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells at the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 0.6 mM, and it was similar to the effects of DHB on the degranulation of BMCMCs [20]
Summary
The rapidly increasing incidence of allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema, has become a significant public health problem [1,2]. Recent studies reported that NF-κB signaling plays a key role in the regulation of the expression and production levels of immune, inflammatory, and allergic cytokines and mediators [7,8,9,10] This suggests that the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial in the allergic response. Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey (P. morrowii), a red alga, produces several bioactive substances such as 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHB), 3-bromo-5-(ethoxymethyl)-1,2-benzenediol, 3bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether, 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and bis (3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] These bio-active substances have diverse physiological effects including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, antiobesity, and antiallergic activities [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. In this study, we evaluated the antiallergic effects of DHB by inhibiting allergic factors and attempted to unveil the underlying biological mechanism in IgE/BSA-stimulated a bone marrow cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) and a PCA mouse model
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