Abstract
Olive leaves samples obtained from two representative regions in Jordan and from different olive tree varieties were extracted with ethanol and assayed for their anticancer activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay results (LC50) ranged from 0.15 ppm for Roomy cultivar to 305.10 ppm for Shami cultivar from Amman area. Anti tumor activity using cell viability assay showed very low (IC50) arround 100 µg for 3 extracts (Roomy, Roomy Kfary, K18) on 7 Cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, skin cancer C32 and MV3, colon cancer SW480, SW620 and HCT 116). Cell cycle analysis and cell death assay using 100 μg of Roomy Kfary extract on selected cell lines (breast cancer MCF-7, skin cancer C32, colon cancer SW420) showed exceptional cancer cells death (apoptosis) after 48 hours (19.16%, 63.86%, 56.78%), respectively. High safety index obtained on normal Fibroblast cells ≥ 100%. At low dosge (25ppm) of extracts on normal fibroblast the percent proliferation became 9 to 10-fold its normal proliferation during 48 hours. These results sugest Jordanian olive cultivars leaves extracts as a powerful anticancer drug.
Highlights
Longitudinal research is advantageous to understanding the natural history of a disease and the possible role of gene-environment interactions
The primary objective of this study is identification of environmental exposures that are associated with increased risk of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) [1]
“Having someone watching the child for development of T1DM” was the most common reason selected, followed by “Helping science discover causes of diabetes” and “Getting the child’s antibody results”
Summary
Longitudinal research is advantageous to understanding the natural history of a disease and the possible role of gene-environment interactions. Participant retention and protocol compliance is important in order to maintain statistical validity and avoid bias. One of the most challenging aspects is keeping the participants enrolled until the study endpoint is reached. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is a longitudinal multi-center, multi-national, epidemiological study, supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The TEDDY consortium is comprised of 6 clinical centers, located in the United States (Washington, Colorado, Georgia/Florida), Finland, Sweden and Germany, and a data coordinating center in Tampa, Florida [1]. The primary objective of this study is identification of environmental exposures that are associated with increased risk of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) [1]
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