Abstract
Appetite regulation by nutritional intervention is required early in life that involves the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) with Sirt 1 maintenance of other cellular anti-aging genes involved in cell circadian rhythm, senescence and apoptosis. Interests in anti-aging therapy with appetite regulation improve an individual’s survival to metabolic disease induced by gene-environment interactions by maintenance of the anti-aging genes connected to the metabolism of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, drugs and xenobiotics. Interventions to the aging process involve early calorie restriction with appetite regulation connected to appropriate genetic mechanisms that involve mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA repair in neurons. In the aging process as the anti-aging genes are suppressed as a result of transcriptional dysregulation chronic disease accelerations and connected to insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Interests in the gene-environment interaction indicate that the anti-aging gene Sirt 1that regulates food intake has been repressed early in the aging process in various global populations. The connections between Sirt 1 and other anti-aging genes such as Klotho, p66Shc (longevity protein) and Forkhead box proteins (FOXO1/ FOXO3a) have been associated with programmed cell death and alterations in these anti-aging genesregulate glucose, lipid and amyloid beta metabolism that are important to various chronic diseases.
Highlights
The hypothalamus is involved with many biological functions and includes appetite and body weight control, feeding, emotion, memory, thermoregulation, fluid balance and insulin regulation [1]-[3]
Overnutrition is associated with the repression of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) and other anti-aging genes (Figure 3) such as Klotho, p66Shc and Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1)/FOXO3a that is connected to autonomous diseases of the brain and liver with suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) disturbances induced by Sirt 1 repression and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) dysregulation involved in programmed cell death relevant to various chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). 2.1
Repression of Sirt 1 and other anti-aging genes such as Klotho, p66Shc and FOXO1/FOXO3a lead to abnormal regulation of glucose, lipid and amyloid beta metabolism that are associated with programmed cell death in the liver and brain
Summary
The hypothalamus is involved with many biological functions and includes appetite and body weight control, feeding, emotion, memory, thermoregulation, fluid balance and insulin regulation [1]-[3]. Appetite regulation and neurodegeneration that involve Sirt 1 mediated regulation of other anti-aging genes involve p53 and FOXO deacetylation that has attracted interest in relation to autonomous disease of the brain and liver In these tissues Sirt 1 is an important gene involved in maintenance of the mitochondria and deacetylation of the transcriptional factor FOXO3a that represses Rho-associated protein kinase-1 gene expression with activation of the non amyloidogenic α-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein and reduction of amyloid beta (Aβ) generation in neurons. Overnutrition is associated with the repression of Sirt 1 and other anti-aging genes (Figure 3) such as Klotho, p66Shc (longevity protein) and FOXO1/FOXO3a that is connected to autonomous diseases of the brain and liver with SCN disturbances induced by Sirt 1 repression and IGF-1 dysregulation involved in programmed cell death relevant to various chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, PD and AD. Sirt 1 has effects on brain and liver alpha-synuclein and Aβ metabolism closely linked metabolic disease [77] [78] with effects of p53 transcriptional regulation by intracellular alpha-synuclein and Aβ metabolism in the liver and brain linked to the regulation of anti-aging genes and cellular apoptosis [78] [79]
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