Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that biomimetic nanovesicles produced from specific cells show bioactive properties such as anti-tumor or anti-inflammatory activities. However, the properties of these nanovesicles are very diverse, depending on their cell sources. In this study, human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) were used in the production of functional biomimetic nanovesicles with anti-senescence. TMSCs were isolated from human tonsil tissue obtained by tonsillectomy. TMSC-derived nanovesicles (TMSC-NVs) were produced by serial extrusion using a mini-extruder. Western blotting and particle analysis were performed for characterization of TMSC-NVs. They were applied to both replicative and ultraviolet B-induced senescent human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Following six days of treatment, analysis of the proliferation and senescence level of fibroblasts was performed using cell counting and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, respectively. Treatment with TMSC-NVs enhanced the cell proliferation and reduced the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase in both replicative and ultraviolet B-induced senescent cells. Treatment with TMSC-NVs resulted in increased expression of extracellular matrix and anti-oxidant genes. Treatment with TMSC-NVs resulted in reduced expression of vinculin in focal adhesion. These results show that TMSC-NVs have an effect on recovering from cellular senescence by oxidative stress and can be applied as useful materials for the development of skin rejuvenation.
Highlights
After fabrication of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs)-NVs, Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed for characterization of TMSC-NVs (Figure 1c,d)
These results show that the characteristics of TMSC-NVs are similar to those of exosomes
These results show that TMSC-NVs increase the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and decrease morphological change inby the actin cytoskeleton followed by treatment with TMSC-N
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Aging is characterized by time-dependent loss of function and regenerative properties of organisms. Factors related to skin aging cause damage to cells, delaying skin regeneration and cell proliferation, known as cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible arrest of the cell cycle [1] and alteration of the focal adhesive cytoskeleton [2,3]. Cellular senescence in skin tissues is induced by various factors, such as oxidative stress [4,5], mitochondrial dysfunction [6,7], and ultraviolet irradiation [8,9]. For the past several decades, many researchers have been conducting research to overcome cellular senescence for skin regeneration
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