Abstract
BackgroundCarpinus tschonoskii (CT) has been previously studied for various activities in the improvement of skin diseases. In the present study, we examined the in vitro anti-acne vulgaris (AV) effect of CT leaves (CTL) and tellimagrandin I (TI), one of the main ellagitannins from CT, including skin barrier improvement and 5α-reductase inhibitory activity.MethodsTo test the anti-AV activities of CTL and TI, firstly, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities including DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity, and cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8] were tested. Skin barrier improvement experiments were tested using developing cornified envelope (CE) formation, and filaggrin mRNA expression level was determined by RT-PCR. The 5α-reductase inhibitory activity was determined by measuring the testosterone levels in rat liver microsomes.ResultsCTL and TI showed potent anti-oxidative activity and anti-inflammatory activities. Especially, the cytokine production inhibitory activities of TI were found to be similar to the positive control, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). CTL and TI enhanced the CE formation and filaggrin mRNA expression levels and showed potent activities compared to that in the positive control, 1.5 mM Ca2+. In additionally, CTL and TI showed 5α-reductase inhibitory activities in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionThe results showed that CTL and TI inhibit AV endogenous factors such as 5α-reductase and inflammatory cytokines and affect exogenous factors such as developing skin barrier function (CE and filaggrin levels). Therefore, CTL and TI may be plant-derived agent, promising in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Highlights
Carpinus tschonoskii (CT) has been previously studied for various activities in the improvement of skin diseases
Anti-oxidative activity DPPH radical scavenging activity To assess the anti-oxidative activities of CT leaves (CTL) extract and tellimagrandin I (TI), DPPH radical scavenging activities were measured
CTL extract (IC50 = 31.42 ± 0.73 μg mL− 1) showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activities compared with the positive control, ascorbic acid (IC50 = 14.67 ± 2.90 μg mL− 1)
Summary
Carpinus tschonoskii (CT) has been previously studied for various activities in the improvement of skin diseases. When keratinocytes are exposed to external stimuli, they produce inflammation-induced factors including free radicals, cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO), resulting in inflammatory reactions. These inflammatory reactions impair the skin barrier [4, 6,7,8]. Free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate oxidative stress and produce inflammatory cytokines such as IL and TNF contribute to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory skin diseases [8, 10, 18]
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