Abstract
Acne is a skin disease common in adolescents and increasingly common in the adult population. The major pathologic events of acne vulgaris include increased sebum production, retention hyperkeratosis, carrying commensal skin microbiota, and inflammation. In recent years, more than 10,000 compounds have been isolated and identified from marine organisms. The aim of this study was to discover the potential anti-acne activity of fraction 9 + 10 (SF-E) of Sinularia flexibilis extract and six cembrene diterpenoids. We found that the SF-E significantly reduced Cutibacterium acnes-induced edema in Wistar rat ears. The cembrene diterpenoids including 11-dehydrosinulariolide (SC-2), 3,4:8,11-bisepoxy-7-acetoxycembra-15(17)-en-1,12-olide (SC-7), and sinularin (SC-9) reduced nitric oxide (NO) production with 50% inhibitory concentration of 5.66 ± 0.19, 15.25 ± 0.25, and 3.85 ± 0.25 μM, respectively, and inducible NO synthase expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, treatment with SC-2, SC-7, and SC-9 significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide- and heat-killed C. acnes-induced expression of proteins involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in both RAW 264.7 and HaCaT cells. After treatment with SC-2, SC-7, and SC-9, over-proliferation of HaCaT cells was significantly terminated. In summary, SC-2, SC-7, and SC-9 showed anti-inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting that these cembrene diterpenoids obtained from S. flexibilis are natural marine products with potential anti-acne activities.
Highlights
Acne, known as acne vulgaris, is a skin disease that usually appears in young adolescents with a hormone imbalance, and increasingly common in the adult population such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients
C. acnes was directly injected into rats’ ears to cause acne formation, and we evaluated the in vivo anti-acne effects of the SF-E
Live C. acnes was injected into Wistar rat ears to produce inflammatory effects such as edema to analyze the anti-acne effects of the SF-E, which containing 50% of SC-2, SC-7, and SC-9 in vivo
Summary
Known as acne vulgaris, is a skin disease that usually appears in young adolescents with a hormone imbalance, and increasingly common in the adult population such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. It can be a significant risk factor for psychological morbidity at all ages in both sexes [1]. Acne is associated with decreased self-esteem and self-confidence, and increased internalizing problems (anxiety and depression) and suicidal ideation. It is necessary to develop effective acne treatment drugs [2]. (1) increased sebum production by overactive oil glands, (2) retention hyperkeratosis, which blocks skin pores, (3) activities leading to carrying of commensal skin microbiota
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