Anti-Acne Action of Peptides Isolated from Burdock Root-Preliminary Studies and Pilot Testing.

Malgorzata Miazga-Karska,Grazyna Ginalska,Katarzyna Michalak

doi:10.3390/molecules25092027

Malgorzata Miazga-Karska, Grazyna Ginalska + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092027

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Abstract

This work aimed to study the anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-oxidant potential effects of low molecular weight (LMW) peptides (Br-p) isolated from burdock (Arctium lappa L.) roots. We conducted a preliminary study to exclude or confirm the antibiotic activity of the LMW peptides fraction of this plant. Br-p were isolated using gel filtration and a 10 kDa cut-off membrane. The obtained peptides were identified by MALDI TOF/TOF. Antibacterial activity was tested against acne strains using diffusion tests, MIC and MBC. The fibroblast cytotoxicity of Br-p was tested, and the selectivity index (SI) value was determined. The fraction of 46 Br-p peptides isolated from burdock root with a molecular weight below 5000 Da and theoretic pI (isoelectric point) of 3.67–11.83 showed a narrow spectrum of activity against Gram-positive acne bacterial strains. One of the Br-p peptides assessed on MALDI RapidDeNovo was LRCDYGRFFASKSLYDPLKKRR cationic peptide. It was analogous to that contained in A. lappa protein, and theoretically it was matched as a peptide with antibiotic nature. Br-p did not show toxicity to fibroblasts in the tested concentration up to 10 mg/mL, obtaining CC50 10 mg/mL. The SI value for the tested Propionibacterium strains ranged from 160 to 320. Finally, an active dressing based on chitosan/alginate/genipin was prepared using freeze-drying. The formed dressing was evaluated for its anti-acne activity. To sum up: preliminary biological studies confirmed the anti-acne properties of the isolated peptide fraction from burdock root and pointed to the possibility of using it to create an active dressing on the skin.

Highlights

The World Health Organization (WHO) warns against epidemiological threats
The burdock roots samples, isolated using ultrasound and salting out procedure, were fractionated using a Sephadex G-50 gel filtration (Materials and Methods, Section 4.1.) The obtained fractions were evaluated for the amount of protein and antibacterial properties
Br-f was initially tested for antibacterial activity (Figure 1, Table 1), and the remaining Br-f part was further ultrafiltrated in Amicon (10 kDa cut-off), followed by freeze-drying to obtain final Br-p peptide samples

Summary

Introduction

The World Health Organization (WHO) warns against epidemiological threats. Today it is coronavirus, tomorrow drug-resistant bacteria can cause a large number of complications and high mortality. Irrational antibiotic therapy leads to microbial resistance, which is the ability of microorganisms (like bacteria, viruses, and some parasites) to stop antimicrobial drugs from resisting against them. Standard treatments become ineffective, and infections persist and may spread to others. WHO reports that the misuse of antibiotics is putting us all at risk, and the world is heading towards a pre-penicillin era. If effective anti-infection medication runs out, most invasive medical procedures, from tooth extraction to complicated surgery, will again be at high risk of fatal infection [1]

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