Anthropometry Showed Better Correlation in Insulin Sensitivity Compared to 25(OH)D Levels in Indonesian Elderly

Abstract

Abstract Objectives In Indonesia, diabetes mellitus prevalence escalated from 1,6% in 2013 to 2% in 2018 with the highest age group between 55–64 years old followed by 65–74 years old. Various theories have been postulated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Low vitamin D, high body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), waist circumference (WC), low skeletal mass (SM) and recently high waist-hip ratio (WHtR) gain attention and widely been researched. The differences in body composition between Caucasian and Asian people specially in elderly might give new perception in understanding the mechanism of diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between 25(OH)D levels and anthropometry measurements with insulin sensitivity in Indonesian elderly. Methods A cross sectional design was conducted involving 77 elderly (>60 years old) both men and women live in Pusat Santunan Dalam Keluarga (PUSAKA) in Central Jakarta. Anthropometry measurent included the measurement of complete BMI, BF, WC, WHtR. Laboratory assessment include 25(OH)D, fasting glucose plasma, fasting insulin, Homa-B, Homa-IR, HbA1C, and QUICKI. Pearson and Spearman's correlation test was used to assess the associations of age, sex, BMI, BF, SM, WC, WHtR, 25(OH)D, fasting glucose plasma, fasting insulin, Homa-B, Homa-IR, HbA1C with insulin sensitivity. Results: Most of subjects were women (81.8%) and the Spearman's correlation test showed strong negative correlation with insulin sensitivity in fasting insulin (r = −0.939; P < 0.01), HOMA-IR (r = −0.999; P < 0.01) and mild negative correlation with fasting glucose (r = −0.502; P < 0.01), HOMA-B (r = −0.474; P < 0.01), HbA1C (r = −0.291; P = 0.01), BMI (r = −0.409; P < 0.01) and WHtR (r = −0.278; P < 0.01). Based on Pearson's correlation tes, there was a mild negative correlation between WC (r = −0.373, P < 0.01) and SM (r = −0.415, P < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity. Contrary 25 (OH)D, age and BF showed no significant correlation (r = 0.170; P = 0.140), (r = 0.154; P = 0.181) and (r = 0.574, P = 0.56). Conclusions The anthropometry assessment except BF showed significant mild correlation with insulin sensitivity, while age and 25(OH)D did not significant correlation and should be explore more specially in elderly. Funding Sources Trisakti University.