Abstract
IntroductionNorms and patterns of nasal esthetics are essential for an adequate preoperative evaluation and surgical programming. The esthetic nasal patterns used are a blend of artistic beauty ideals and tracings in models and celebrities. Because they do not consider population measures, they vary according to the period, and allow a discrepancy between the surgeon's preference and the patient's real desire for rhinoplasty. Not all populations wish to obtain an esthetic result according to these values, but prefer a natural result, that is, one with some of the nasal characteristics of the population to which they belong to. The Brazilian population lacks population studies to evaluate its nose measurements.Objective(1) To evaluate the anthropometric measures of Caucasian noses of people living in the city of Curitiba (state of Paraná), and to compare them to the ideal esthetic pattern of the literature; (2) To compare them between genders.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study involving 100 Caucasian volunteers at a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. Through the frontal and lateral view photos, intercanthal distance, alar distance, nasal dorsum length, nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle, and nasal tip projection (Goode's method) were obtained. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the measures obtained between genders and with the ideal patterns.ResultsComparing the results obtained with those predicted by the esthetic ideals, the sample presented: similar nasolabial angle (p = 0.07), alar width greater than intercanthal distance (p < 0.001), higher nasal tip projection (p < 0.001), larger width–length ratio (p < 0.001), and more obtuse nasofrontal angle (p < 0.001). The nasofrontal angle (p = 0.0008) and the tip projection (p = 0.032) were statistically different between the genders. Men had a smaller nasofrontal angle, and a larger Goode's ratio.ConclusionExcept for the nasolabial angle, the measures obtained in the population sample differed from the published esthetic ideals. Comparing the genders, men had a sharper nasofrontal angle, and higher tip projection than women.
Highlights
Norms and patterns of nasal esthetics are essential for an adequate preoperative evaluation and surgical programming
This study’s objectives are: 1. To evaluate the anthropometric measurements of Caucasian noses of inhabitants of the city of Curitiba (PR) and to compare them with the ideal nasal esthetic standard described by Powell and Humphreys.[14]
This is a prospective cohort study, carried out through a protocol and photographs, of volunteers recruited among the students of the Medical School and professionals related to the health area at Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)
Summary
Norms and patterns of nasal esthetics are essential for an adequate preoperative evaluation and surgical programming. The esthetic nasal patterns used are a blend of artistic beauty ideals and tracings in models and celebrities. Because they do not consider population measures, they vary according to the period, and allow a discrepancy between the surgeon’s preference and the patient’s real desire for rhinoplasty. Objective: (1) To evaluate the anthropometric measures of Caucasian noses of people living in the city of Curitiba (state of Paraná), and to compare them to the ideal esthetic pattern of the literature; (2) To compare them between genders. The development of facial morphology measures has taken place along with the development of facial plastic surgery, because facial anthropometric measures, considered as facial esthetics standards, provide objective information for an adequate preoperative evaluation and surgical programming. The patterns of facial esthetics are defined through a mix between the artistic ideas of beauty and modern trace in models and celebrities of the period
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