Anthropometric measures and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: An 18 years follow-up

Abstract

BackgroundThe contribution of anthropometric measures to predict mortality in normal-weight subjects is unclear. We aimed to study the association of central obesity measures, e.g., waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. MethodsIn a prospective population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 8287 participants aged ≥30 y, followed for a median of 18 years. The association of WC, WHR and WHtR with the risk for mortality was estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models in different BMI groups. ResultsWe documented 821 deaths, of which 251 were related to CVD mortality. Normal weight individuals with central obesity were significantly at increased risk of all-cause (HR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.1) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.92, 2.9) compared with normal-weight individuals without central obesity; the risk remained significant only in women. Also, normal-weight women (not men) with high WHR were at increased risk of all-cause (HR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.8) and CVD mortality (HR: 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5, 23.2). High WHtR increased the risk of all-cause (HR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.8) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7) which remained significant in normal-weight men and women. All central obesity indicators were significantly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in subjects aged under 65. ConclusionEven in normal-weight individuals, WC and WHR in women and WHtR in both sexes are predictors of all-cause and CVD mortality. WHtR shows a stronger association, especially in the population aged under 65.