Anthropometric indicators associated with blood pressure elevation in adults with obesity

Paulo Ricardo De Oliveira Medeiros,Anne Ribeiro Streb,Isabel Heberle,Larissa Dos Santos Leonel,Giovani Firpo Del Duca,Aline Mendes Gerage

doi:10.4025/actascihealthsci.v42i1.50918

Paulo Ricardo De Oliveira Medeiros, Anne Ribeiro Streb + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v42i1.50918

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between different anthropometric indicators and high blood pressure in adults with obesity.This is a cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of adults with obesity. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured using automated equipment (OMRON, model 742 HEM). The anthropometric indicators used were body mass index (BMI), relative fat mass (RFM), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-stature ratio (WSR) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). The data were analyzed by crude and adjusted (sex and age) linear regression, adopting a level of significance p <0.05. Among the 63 adults with obesity evaluated (38 woman; 35.27±7.02 years; BMI: 33.46±2.89 kg m-2; RFM: 39.98±6.70; WC: 109.38±10.15 cm; WSR: 0.64±0.05; WHR: 0.93±0.01), it was observed that the increase in systolic blood pressure was directly associated with the indicators RFM (p=0.011; Cohen’s F²= 0.42), WC (p=0.003; Cohen’s F²= 0.49), WSR (p=0.010; Cohen’s F²= 0.42) e WHR (p=0.001; Cohen’s F²= 0.52), but not to BMI (p=0.100). The elevation of diastolic blood pressure was directly associated with all the anthropometric indicators analyzed: BMI (p=0.040; Cohen’s F²= 0.14), RFM (p= 0.006; Cohen’s F²= 0.21), WC (p=0.002; Cohen’s F²= 0.26),WSR (p=0.004 Cohen’s F²=0.23) and WHR (p=0.012; Cohen’s F²=0.19). It was concluded blood pressure elevation was directly associated with the anthropometric indicators investigated and, among them, the WHR and the WC presented the best predictive capacity for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure elevations, respectively

Highlights

Hypertension is a chronic and multifactorial disease, characterized by elevated and sustained blood pressure levels, which is directly associated with an increased risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events (Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, 2016; Khosravi et al, 2017)
Among all the variables evaluated, waisthip ratio (WHR) was the indicator that was best associated with systolic blood pressure
About 34% (R2 = 0.34) of systolic blood pressure variation was explained by WHR, adjusting for sex and age, and an increase of 0.5 cm in this index (β = 0.571) implied an increase of 1 mmHg systolic blood pressure

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension is a chronic and multifactorial disease, characterized by elevated and sustained blood pressure levels, which is directly associated with an increased risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events (Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, 2016; Khosravi et al, 2017). It is considered one of the main public health problems a days due to high prevalence, impact on mortality and public costs (Kotchen, 2010). Among the main risk factors associated to the development of arterial hypertension, obesity is highlighted (Daraki et al, 2015). During the last decades, some researchers have been focused on the development of low-cost techniques that, in addition to determining the corporal adiposity of simple way, are associated with the elevation of the blood pressure, the development of cardiovascular diseases and, are able to predict greater health risk in this population (Tuan, Adair, Stevens, & Popkin, 2010; Lee, Lim, Baek, Park, & Park, 2015; Zhang et al, 2017 )

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