Abstract
The codification of archaeology as a distinct field of study apart from history was established in Europe by the nineteenth century. Likewise, the discipline of anthropology – broadly construed as the study of humanity – can be traced to the post-Enlightenment period and the colonial encounters of Europeans with peoples of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. But blending the broad theoretical issues of anthropology with the archaeological study of specific material remains of the past took place in the Americas during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Throughout most of the Americas, archaeology is classified as one of four subfields of anthropology (along with sociocultural anthropology, linguistics, and biological/physical anthropology). Likewise, within American universities archaeology generally is taught as part of the curriculum of a department of anthropology.
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