Anthropogenic Resources Contribute to Settlement of Mud-Nesting Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) in an Arid Environment

Abstract

Globally, bird populations are declining. This may be caused by human alterations of habitats formerly used by birds. Migratory birds show flexibility in resource use, however, a distinct move to a different habitat type demands investigation. The objective of this study is to understand the resources available to Barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) in White Sands National Park, New Mexico (WSNP) and how this species is utilizing this arid landscape. Results show that Barn swallows are aided by resources provided by the WSNP Visitor Center. Water and mud sources, perching and foraging sites, and protection from weather extremes and predators are all present and are exploited by Barn swallows in WSNP. Future research of this population could help determine if the Visitor Center is functioning as a sink or source habitat and how the establishment of a generalist species (with certain advantages) is competing with specialist species in this area. Understanding shifts in habitat types for migratory birds is important as conservation and management modeling continue to forecast suitable and available habitats for protected birds.