Anthropogenic рollution of the coastal zone and hydrochemical analysis of the waters of Lake Baikal within the borders of the Republic of Buryatia

Abstract

Anthropogenic impact on Lake Baikal is currently a big problem for the world community as a whole. Its solution depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the assessment of the level of impact and its maximum reduction. According to various researchers, a gradual accumulation of a number of chemical elements occurs in the waters of Lake Baikal, which leads to a change in the ecosystem as a whole. The purpose of this work was to assess the state of the coastal zone and to assess the hydrochemical regime of the coastal zone of the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal. According to the results of the observations, the coastal zone of Maximikha and Oymur villages is the most polluted, where a large amount of rotting algae was observed, as well as anthropogenic pollution. The least polluted is the coastline about c. Ust-Barguzin. According to the results of the study of physical indicators of Lake Baikal water, the achievement of the upper limit of the MPC in terms of color in the water samples of the Dulan ulus in the summer of 2020 and in the spring of 2021, as well as in the spring in the water samples of the village of Sukhaya was found. In addition, the turbidity index of the water near the Dulan ulus in the spring period was 2 EMF, which is also on the border of the norm. According to the results of the study of chemical parameters of water, the pH at most points is slightly alkaline, the water hardness at all stations did not exceed 3°. The total alkalinity of water at all stations ranged from 92.8 to 23.2 mg-eq/dm³. The ion content of various substances does not exceed the values established by other authors for oz. Baikal is: dissolved oxygen (O₂) — from 6 to 12 mg/dm³, chlorine ions (CL⁻) — from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/dm³. The value of permanganate oxidizability is 2 mg/dm³.