Abstract
Non-mineral carbon is the main component of PM 10 and PM 2.5 at an urban roadside site in Madrid accounting for more than 50% of the total bulk mass in winter pollution episodes. In these cases a 70–80% of the particle mass is anthropogenic. Particles of crustal/mineral origin contribute significantly to the observed PM 10 concentrations, especially in spring and summer. They have also been found in the PM 2.5 fraction although secondary particles are the next most important contributor in this size. Long-range transport particle episodes of Saharan dust significantly contribute to exceedence of the new daily limiting PM 10 value in the urban network and at nearby rural background stations. This type of long-range transport event also influences PM 2.5 concentrations. The crustal contribution can account for up to 67 and 53% of the PM 10 and PM 2.5 bulk mass in such cases.
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