Abstract
The Amazonia rainforest has natural spaces that have undergone extensive and intense transformations, mainly to meet economic demands, camouflaged in biological and social needs. As one of the consequences of this process, the production and expansion of the urban space stand out. In this context, this research describes the historical, spatial, and temporal aspects of land use and occupation in the surroundings of Lake of Juá, located in the municipality of Santarém, west of the State of Pará, Brazil, in order to highlight the main changes in the landscape and socioenvironmental changes arising from this dynamic. The study was conducted based on photographic records, elaboration, and analysis of cartographic data, in addition to the perceptions of residents and fishermen located in the study area, which, together, contributed to the understanding of the historical and spatial changes that led to the current socioenvironmental transformations in the surroundings of the lake. The residents and local fishermen of Lake of Juá, through semi-structured interviews, listed several socioenvironmental overlapping problems that had many impacts on this lake ecosystem, such as deforestation, silting, contamination of water resources and, consequently, fishing resources, loss of biodiversity and conflict of interest. The degradation and decharacterization of the landscape around the lake has compromised the maintenance of this lake ecosystem, as significant and even irreversible transformations have been caused in the community and in the ecological environment, especially when taking into account the absence of public policies or their inefficiency.
Highlights
IntroductionThe space must be considered an inseparable whole, in which we have on one hand geographical, natural, and social objects and on the other, the life that fills and animates them, that is, the society in movement [2]
The Brazilian Amazonia is a large and rich region of the planet, being an important territorial reserve for Brazilian society, but its biodiversity and the delicate regional ecological balance make its development an unknown and challenge to world and national science [1].The space must be considered an inseparable whole, in which we have on one hand geographical, natural, and social objects and on the other, the life that fills and animates them, that is, the society in movement [2].Natural spaces have undergone extensive and intense transformations, especially to meet human demands, camouflaged in biological and social needs
The research was carried out having as empirical reference Lake of Juá (Lago do Juá in Portuguese), which is situated at approximately seven kilometers from the urban center of Santarém, in the western region of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazonia
Summary
The space must be considered an inseparable whole, in which we have on one hand geographical, natural, and social objects and on the other, the life that fills and animates them, that is, the society in movement [2]. Natural spaces have undergone extensive and intense transformations, especially to meet human demands, camouflaged in biological and social needs. A main example is the production and expansion of urban space. Urban expansion contributes to interventions in aquatic ecosystems such as streams, rivers, lakes, swamps, among others, impacted by several simultaneous environmental stressors, associated with accelerated urban development and climate change [3,4].
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