Anthracosis in the lungs and associated lymph nodes in sheep and its potential role in the occurrence of pneumonia

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine gross and histopathological findings in the lungs and associated lymph nodes of sheep with anthracosis and to correlate its potential role in the occurrence of pneumonia in the region of Kars, Turkey. In the present study, the lungs, mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes of 2000 sheep slaughtered in two local abattoirs were examined for anthracosis throughout the year 2000. Anthracosis was found in the lungs and associated lymph nodes of 45 (2.25%) sheep, with no prominent gross pigmentation in the lungs. Twelve (26.6%) out of 45 lungs suspected of anthracosis were found to have dark red consolidation. Black pigmented areas were prominent on the cut surfaces of the lymph nodes. Histopathologically, focal accumulation of cytoplasmic carbon particle-laden alveolar macrophages was observed particularly around the terminal respiratory bronchioles. Sinusoidal macrophages with phagocytosed particles were predominantly located in the medullar region of the lymph nodes. The pigment particles were found to be resistant to all bleaching methods. To prevent anthracosis resulting from exposure to smoke, which may predispose animals to pneumonia as well as tuberculosis, it may be essential to construct barns at a distance from factories emitting smoke and from houses using stoves and clay ovens for heating and cooking, etc., and to ensure good ventilation.