Abstract
Cornus kousa the Korean dogwood has been traditionally used in East Asia as therapeutic traditional medicine however biological activities of Cornus kousa have not been investigated previously. The aim of the present study was to evaluate anti-obesity activities coupled with anti-angiogenic activities of anthocyanins rich fraction of ethanolic leaf extract of Cornus kousa (ELECk) in HUVECs and 3T3- L1 cells. Dried plants leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol and anthocyanin fraction (AnT Fr) was obtained by eluting the ethanolic extract through non-polar macroporous resin and further purification by HPLC. Antiangiogenic activities were determined by antiproliferative effect of AnT Fr on HUVECs. In the presence of various concentrations of AnT Fr, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate. Lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes were quantified by Oil-Red O staining. AnT Fr significantly suppressed angiogenesis by inhibiting proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs via downregulating VEGRF 2, PI3K, β‐catenin, NF‐kB, and Akt1 in a dose dependent manner. AnT Fr inhibited lipid accumulation by down-regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis promoting signaling proteins, PPARγ, CCAAT, C/EBPα, aP2, FAS, and LPL, however enhanced AMPK activation to p-AMPK in 3T3 cells quantified and expressed by western blotting. AnT Fr inhibit lipid accumulation by regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis related genes and signaling proteins. The anti-obesity activities exerted by Cornus kousa are associated with antiangiogenic activities of anthocyanins rich fraction of Cornus kousa. Hence the presence of bioactive anthocyanins, Cornus kosa, is a good candidate for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulation for treating or controlling obesity.
Highlights
Obesity is a metabolic disorder and inflammatory disease that affected over 600 million people worldwide
They are promoted by various genes, transcriptional factors, and signaling molecules such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid binding protein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/ EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) [10,11,12]
These pathways involve many signal molecules and transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) that play a key role in adipocyte differentiation
Summary
Obesity is a metabolic disorder and inflammatory disease that affected over 600 million people worldwide. Lipogenesis and adipogeneses are main processes involved in the production and accumulation of lipids inside adipose tissues. They are promoted by various genes, transcriptional factors, and signaling molecules such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid binding protein (aP2), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/ EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) [10,11,12]. Malignant tumors can continue to grow by receiving nutrients using blood vessels around them These cancer cells can be connected to the circulatory system and transferred to other parts such as lungs and liver
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