Abstract
The anthocyanin content of Hungarian sour cherry is remarkable based on our preliminary investigations. Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical effects of anthocyanins have been extensively studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the the effect of purified sour cherry extract using human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as the inflammatory model. HUVECs were isolated by enzymatic digestion and characterized by flow cytometry. The optimal concentration range of sour cherry extract was selected based on MTT, apoptosis, and necrosis assays. Cells were divided into three groups, incubating with M199 medium as control, or with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with LPS plus anthocyanin extract (ACE). The effect of sour cherry extract on oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory factors, and arachidonic pathway was investigated. An amount of 50 μg/mL ACE (ACE50) was able to increase the level of glutathione and decrease the ROS, thereby improving the unbalanced redox status in inflammation. ACE50 lowered pro-inflammatory cytokine levels including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). ACE50 affected the arachidonic acid pathway by reducing the LPS-induced enzyme expression (cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostacyclin synthase). The extract under investigation seems to have a pleiotropic effect including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and vasoactive effects. Our results indicate that purified sour cherry extract could reduce the LPS-induced inflammatory response, thereby improving endothelial dysfunction.
Highlights
Polyphenol compounds including flavonoids are secondary metabolic products of plants that play a protective role against different stress effects
We investigated the effect of anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract on LPS-induced inflammation in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in relation to the
We investigated the effect of anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract on LPS-induced inflammation in HUVECs in relation to the above
Summary
Polyphenol compounds including flavonoids are secondary metabolic products of plants that play a protective role against different stress effects. Regarding chemical structure, they have a positive charge at the oxygen atom of the C-ring of the basic flavonoid structure. Anthocyanins are commonly found in flowers and fruits, and some of these. The main sources of anthocyanins are red berry fruits, red grapes, red wine, crops (e.g., purple maize), and different red cabbage varieties [2]. Current research trends clearly indicate that natural products are one of the most important sources of new drugs [3]. Anthocyanins are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases
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