Abstract
Seven anthocyanins have been identified from European Orchidaceae on the basis of UV/Vis spectroscopy, various hydrolytic procedures, chromatography (TLC, HPLC) and electrophoresis. These were the known cyanidin glycosides 3-monoglucoside (chrysanthemin) 3,5-diglucoside (cyanin), 3,7-diglucoside (seranin) and 3-oxalylglucoside (ophrysanin) and the new cyanidin glycosides oxalyl-3,5-diglucoside (orchicyanin II), oxalyl-3,7-diglucoside (serapianin) and the intramolecular copigmented anthocyanin cyanidin oxalyl-3,5-diglucoside-kaempferol 7-glucoside (orchicyanin I). A survey of 79 species from 14 genera of the Orchidaceae showed the widespread occurrence of these pigments and revealed characteristic genus-specific patterns of the oxalic acid esters of cyanidin glycosides in this family. On the basis of these results some taxonomic and phylogenetic conclusions have been drawn.
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