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Abstract
Sweet potato anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments with many physiological functions. Previous research on anthocyanin accumulation in sweet potato has focused on the roots, but the accumulation progress in the leaves is still unclear. Two purple sweet potato cultivars (Fushu No. 23 and Fushu No. 317) with large quantities of anthocyanin in the leaves were investigated. Anthocyanin composition and content were assessed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection (UPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), and the expressions of genes were detected by qRT-PCR. The two cultivars contained nine cyanidin anthocyanins and nine peonidin anthocyanins with an acylation modification. The acylation modification of anthocyanins in sweet potato leaves primarily included caffeoyl, p-coumaryl, feruloyl, and p-hydroxy benzoyl. We identified three anthocyanin compounds in sweet potato leaves for the first time: cyanidin 3-p-coumarylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-p-coumarylsophoroside-5-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-p-coumarylsophoroside-5-glucoside. The anthocyanidin biosynthesis downstream structural genes DFR4, F3H1, anthocyanin synthase (ANS), and UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT3), as well as the transcription factor MYB1, were found to be vital regulatory genes during the accumulation of anthocyanins in sweet potato leaves. The composition of anthocyanins (nine cyanidin-based anthocyanins and nine peonidin-based anthocyanins) in all sweet potato leaves were the same, but the quantity of anthocyanins in leaves of sweet potato varied by cultivar and differed from anthocyanin levels in the roots of sweet potatoes. The anthocyanidin biosynthesis structural genes and transcription factor together regulated and controlled the anthocyandin biosynthesis in sweet potato leaves.
Highlights
The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important tropical crop, providing starch, beta-carotene, and anthocyanins for human nutrition and industrial use [1]
Samples were centrifuged at 4 ◦ C at 14,000 rpm for 15 min, and 350 μL of supernatant were dried under gentle nitrogen stream and re-dissolved in 90 μL of 70% methanol containing 0.1% formic acid combined with 10 μL of 25 μg/mL lidocaine prior to ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis
Nine cyanidin was detected at m/z 287 and nine peonidin was detected at m/z 301
Summary
The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important tropical crop, providing starch, beta-carotene, and anthocyanins for human nutrition and industrial use [1]. China that is consumed for its stems and leaves, not the tuberous root. The stems and leaves are nutritious and contain high levels of protein, dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, flavonoids, and anthocyanins [2]. In 2003, the first leafy sweet potato cultivar was cultivated in China, called. Fushu No 7-6 [3], but in 2016 there was only one purple leafy sweet potato cultivar being grown in. Fushu No 23 has been found to have high levels of anthocyanin in both the stems and leaves (Figure 1). China, called Fushu No 7-6 [3], but in 2016 there was only one purple leafy sweet potato cultivar being. 2 of of anthocyanin in both the stems and leaves (Figure 1)
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