Abstract
Ancylostoma caninum is one of the most important hookworms in dogs. A study revealed that the prevalence of ancylostomiasis in Indonesia is relatively high. However, cases of persistent ancylostomiasis in dogs were reported, indicating the possibility of anthelmintic resistance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the anthelmintic potential of plants preclinically against A. caninum based on related research articles. This review retrieved 14 articles from 2001 to 2021 investigating 19 different plants. Momordica charantia, Diospyros anisandra, and Citrus aurantiifolia hold a promising prospect as anthelmintic against A. caninum. This review found aspects of those medicinal plants that need to be investigated deeper to improve our understanding of the matter. In vitro results in this review have not yet been tested in in vivo trials, which are essential in determining the efficacy and safety of the use of these medicinal plants and also to justify its clinical application.
Highlights
Ancylostoma caninum is one of the most important hookworms in dogs
Cases of recurrent or persistent ancylostomiasis in dogs that have been treated were reported. ere could be possibilities leading to anthelmintic resistance, where hookworms have developed immunity to the anthelmintics used
According to Castro et al [3], drugs that have been used in each case of treatment failure and discussed include pyrantel, praziquantel, fenbendazole, ivermectin, moxidectin, imidacloprid, febantel, mebendazole, and oxantel. ese findings imply that resistance to several types of anthelmintics in A. caninum has been developed and may have spread to the general dog population, not limited to the greyhound in Brisbane, Australia
Summary
Ancylostoma caninum is one of the most important hookworms in dogs. A study revealed that the prevalence of ancylostomiasis in Indonesia is relatively high (92, 5% in West Java, 92, 31% in Yogyakarta, 88, 64% in Central Java, and 34% in the tourist area of Bali) [1]. For an anthelmintic of 90–100% efficacy, pyrantel is an approved anthelmintic used against A. caninum both as treatment and prevention. As stated by Jackson [2] and Kopp et al [2] in their respective studies which sequentially used samples of Brisbane greyhounds and dogs of various breeds, the efficacy of pyrantel in both studies was revealed to have decreased from >90% to 75.1% and 25.7%, respectively. In 2019, another persistent case of ancylostomiasis caused by A. caninum was reported in greyhounds, miniature schnauzers, and mix hounds from Florida and Georgia, USA. Ese findings imply that resistance to several types of anthelmintics in A. caninum has been developed and may have spread to the general dog population, not limited to the greyhound in Brisbane, Australia. A. caninum is a zoonotic worm, which means it can attack humans through skin penetration by infective worm larvae
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