Anthelmintic effect of four extracts obtained from Caesalpinia coriaria foliage against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus.

Diana Rojas-Morales,Leyla Rios-De Álvarez,Carlos Alberto Martínez,Andrea Constanza Montenegro,Ronnal Ortíz-Cuadros,Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612021057

Abstract

To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria), a traditional medicinal plant used in Central America and the northern part of South America, extracts from the foliage of this plant were subjected to the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT), against Haemonchus contortus. Four different extracts were evaluated: acetone-water (AW), methanol-water (MW), acetone-water-dichloromethane (AWD) and methanol-water-dichloromethane (MWD). The concentrations used for the EHT and LEIT tests ranged from 500 to 4000 µg mL-1 and six repetitions per concentration. The effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated using Probit analysis. The EC50 for EHT were 2947.0, 3347.0, 3959.6 and 4538.7 µg mL-1 for MWD, MW, AW and AWD, respectively. The EC50 for LEIT were 2883.4, 5927.4, 9876.3 and 9955.4 µg mL-1 for AWD, AW, MWD and MW, respectively. The methanol extracts were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of eggs, while the acetone extracts showed efficacy in inhibiting larval exsheathment. This study explains the importance that C. coriaria has as a medicinal plant in Central and South American countries.

Highlights

According to the 2020 livestock census of Colombia (ICA, 2020), the sheep population of this country is approximately 1,682,677 heads, and the goat population recorded is 1,584,776, mainly distributed in the department of La Guajira, 42.11% and 79.3%, for sheep and goat, respectively
It is essential to state that the most potent extracts are those with lower values, i.e., those obtained through using methanol extracts (MWD and MW) compared to the higher values ones obtained through using acetone (AW and AWD)
Focusing on the low tannins content found in C. coriaria (Table 1), compared to the high tannins content of the different plant species used by Katiki et al (2013), explains the need of using high concentrations of the extracts in order to obtain an effect on eggs and larvae of H. contortus in the present study

Summary

Introduction

According to the 2020 livestock census of Colombia (ICA, 2020), the sheep population of this country is approximately 1,682,677 heads, and the goat population recorded is 1,584,776, mainly distributed in the department of La Guajira, 42.11% and 79.3%, for sheep and goat, respectively These species play essential social and economic roles for both the rural and the indigenous communities of Colombia (Delgado-Pedraza, 2019). Haemonchus contortus feeds on blood in the abomasum and causes gastritis and anemia that can end with the infected animal or host’s death. This parasitosis generates significant economic losses for the livestock industry (Kumarasingha et al, 2016)

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion