Abstract
The anthelmintic resistance stimulated the search for strategies for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes, including the use of free essential oils or its nanoemulsion. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (CcEO) and C. citratus essential oil nanoemulsion (CcEOn). Pysicochemical analyses were performed. The in vitro effect was determined using the egg hatch test (EHT) on Haemonchus contortus and in vivo effect was evaluated in sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The animals were treated with CcEO (500 mg/kg) or CcEOn (450 mg/kg) for the fecal egg count (FEC) and the determination of worm burden. The main component of CcEO was citral. The CcEO content in the nanoemulsion was 20% (v/v), and the mean particle size was 248 nm. In EHT, CcEO and CcEOn (1.25 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98.4 and 97.1%, respectively. Three animals treated with CcEO died whereas in the group treated with CcEOn one animal died. The FEC and total worm burden of the treated groups did not differ from the negative control (p>0.05). The CcEOn showed efficacy only on H. contortus (p<0.05). In conclusion, nanoencapsulation reduced toxicity and increased efficacy on H. contortus.
Highlights
Gastrointestinal nematode is one of the factors that reduce productivity of livestock worldwide (ROEBER et al, 2017)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of CcEO and C. citratus essential oil nanoemulsion (CcEOn) using chitosan by egg hatching test and on sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes
The use of medicinal plants with anthelmintic activity has been regarded as an efficient control measure against gastrointestinal parasitism (ANDRÉ et al, 2018)
Summary
Gastrointestinal nematode is one of the factors that reduce productivity of livestock worldwide (ROEBER et al, 2017). Control measures for parasitic diseases of livestock have relied heavily on the use of commercial anthelmintics. The intensification of animal production has led to an increasing demand for more effective and low cost anthelmintics (ADEMOLA et al, 2004). These concerns have stimulated the search for alternative control methods, such as the use of medicinal plants (RIBEIRO et al, 2015). Several studies have showed that the C. citratus essential oil (CcEO) has a number of biological properties including activity against Haemonchus contortus in Meriones unguiculatus (MACEDO et al, 2015). The anthelmintic activity of CcEO has not yet been assessed in small ruminants
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