Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and citronellal on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The substances were evaluated in vitro using adult worm motility test (AWMT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity test in mice and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep were performed. Citronellal was confirmed as the essential oil major constituent (63.9%). According to the AWMT, 2 mg/mL of essential oil and citronellal completely inhibited Haemonchus contortus motility at 6 h post exposure. H. contortus exposed to essential oil and citronellal exhibited internal ultrastructural modifications. The lethal dose 50 values in mice were 5,000 and 2,609 mg/kg for essential oil and citronellal, respectively. E. citriodora essential oil reduced sheep epg at 14 days post treatment by 69.5% (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in epg between the citronellal and negative control groups (P>0.05). The interaction between citronellal and other constituents in the essential oil may be relevant for its in vivo anthelmintic activity. Thus, E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds.
Highlights
Gastrointestinal nematodes are considered one of the greatest threats to goat and sheep farming, causing reduced weight gain, diarrhea, anemia and, in severe cases, death
E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal, its major constituent, in vivo against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes
Summary
Gastrointestinal nematodes are considered one of the greatest threats to goat and sheep farming, causing reduced weight gain, diarrhea, anemia and, in severe cases, death. Haemonchus contortus is a parasite that is highly prevalent in Brazilian herds and pathogenic due to its hematophagous feeding habit (FERREIRA et al, 2013; ASHRAF & PRICHARD, 2014). The control of small ruminant helminthiasis is almost exclusively realized with synthetic anthelmintics. Reports of resistant nematode populations are becoming more common all over the world. Low efficacy was reported even for monepantel and derquantel plus abamectin, the two anthelmintic most recently launched on the market. Anthelmintic resistance is currently considered one of the main challenges for goat and sheep parasite control (KOTZE & PRICHARD, 2016; SALES & LOVE, 2016)
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Schedule a callMore From: Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria
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