Anterior-Posterior Transcranial Ultrasound to Measure Cranial Oscillations

Abstract

We aimed to provide information on whether or not the correlation between body tilt and the pulse amplitude of transcranial ultrasonic time-of-flight waveform can be observed in the anterior-posterior skull direction. Also, we asked the question whether or not the skull pulsation can be detected since the cranial bones involved are thicker. The experimental model of body tilt that alters intracranial pressure by shifting body fluid headward was employed. Transcranial ultrasound waveforms were examined in 15 healthy volunteers positioned at five tilt angles of +30 degrees, 0 degrees, -30 degrees, -60 degrees, and -90 degrees from the horizontal body position. A pulse-echo transducer was placed on the middle forehead and ultrasound waveforms were recorded. Synchronized variations in the ultrasonic time-of-flight with heartbeats were monitored using the pulsed phase locked loop technique for the output voltage of the ultrasound transducer. Simultaneous effects of body tilt on cardiovascular parameters were also evaluated. Pulse amplitudes of ultrasonic time-of-flight waveforms were found to vary with body tilt. Repeated-measures ANOVA and regression analysis showed a negative correlation between body tilt angle and pulse amplitude. The regression line has the equation: pulse amplitude = (1.158-0.01023 x tilt angle) x 10(-4) voltage. There was no such relationship between head-down body tilt and altered mean blood pressure or heart rate. An increase in the pulse amplitude of the anterior-posterior transcranial ultrasonic time-of-flight waveform can be detected when the head-down body tilt angle increases.