Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters in Subtypes of Primary Angle Closure

Abstract

To compare anterior segment parameters, assessed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), in subjects categorized as primary angle closure suspect (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and previous acute PAC (APAC); and to identify factors associated with APAC. This was a prospective ASOCT study of 425 subjects with angle closure (176 PACS, 66 PAC, 125 PACG, and 58 APAC). Customized software was used to measure ASOCT parameters, including angle opening distance (AOD750), trabecular-iris space area (TISA750), anterior chamber depth, width, area and volume (ACD, ACW, ACA, ACV), iris thickness (IT750), iris area (IAREA), and lens vault (LV). Mean differences in anterior segment parameters were evaluated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, sex, and pupil diameter (PD). Comparison among the different subgroups showed that ACD, ACA, and ACV were smallest, and IT750 thickest in the APAC group compared with the other subgroups (P < 0.001). LV was greatest in the APAC group (1218 ± 34 μm) followed by PAC (860 ± 31 μm), PACG (845 ± 23 μm), and PACS (804 ± 19 μm), respectively (P = <0.001). While the APAC group had the narrowest angles, the PACS group had the widest (P < 0.001 for both AOD750 and TISA750). Logistic regression showed that greater LV (P = <0.001), narrower TISA750 (P = <0.001), and thicker IT750 (P = 0.007) were the major determinants of APAC. Eyes with APAC had the narrowest angles, smallest anterior segment dimensions, thickest iris, and largest LV compared with PACS, PAC, and PACG. LV, TISA750, and IT750 were the major determinants of APAC.