Anterior glenohumeral instability treated with arthroscopic Bankart operation – a retrospective 5-year follow-up study

Abstract

BackgroundThis retrospective study investigated 5-year results of primary arthroscopic operation for anterior glenohumeral instability (AI) with special interest in patients aged<25 years and gender. HypothesisRecurrence of AI is higher in male patients aged<25 years than older patients or females. Patients and methodsPrimary arthroscopic Bankart repair was performed between January 2009 and December 2015 on 156 shoulders [154 patients, 104/156 (67%) males]. The mean follow-up was 5.6 (SD 2.1, range 0.4–8.9) years. Outcome measures, including re-dislocation, fear of dislocation, Western Ontario instability index, Subjective shoulder value and pain Numerical rating scale scores, the number of revision surgeries and satisfaction with the result of surgical treatment, were assessed for 130 shoulders [82/130 (63%) males]. AI recurrence was defined as a dislocation or a fear of such. ResultsThe Kaplan–Meier analysis estimates for the cumulative survival of stable shoulders were 28% at 8.8 years for patients aged<25 years (SE 0.4, CI 95% 5.5–7.2) and 53% at 8.9 years for patients aged ≥25 years (SE 0.2, CI 95% 7.2–8.0; p=0.005). The Kaplan–Meier estimates for the cumulative survival of stable shoulders were 50% at 8.9 years for males (SE 0.3, CI 95% 6.8–7.8) and 37% at 8.6 years for females (SE 0.3, CI 95% 6.5–7.7; p=0.8). Mean time to revision was 2.4 (SD 1.7, range 0.4–5.3) years. DiscussionRecurrence of AI was higher in the patients aged<25 years (p=0.005), but gender was not a risk factor. Re-operation rate due to recurrent AI was 10% in this 5-year follow-up. Level of evidenceIII; case-control study.