Abstract
BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in pregnant women due to anatomic and physiologic changes in the female urinary tract during pregnancy, and antepartum UTIs can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes that may induce mental stress. There have only been a few studies, however, investigating antepartum UTIs and mental stress. As such, the present study was conducted in order to investigate the association between antepartum UTIs and postpartum depression (PPD).MethodsWe used data from the 2000–2013 National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Data regarding a total of 55,087 singleton pregnancies was utilized, including data regarding 406 women who were newly diagnosed with PPD in the first 6 months postpartum. The associations between PPD and antepartum UTIs or other risk factors were examined by multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe logistic regression analysis results indicated that PPD was associated with antepartum UTIs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.07–1.65). Furthermore, the risk of PPD was higher in women with an upper antepartum UTI (aOR 2.97 (1.31, 6.77) than in those with a lower antepartum UTI (aOR 1.21 (1.02, 1.58)).ConclusionsAntepartum UTIs, particularly upper antepartum UTIs, are significantly associated with PPD. This information may encourage physicians to pay greater attention to the mental health of women who have suffered upper UTIs during their pregnancies.
Highlights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in pregnant women due to anatomic and physiologic changes in the female urinary tract during pregnancy, and antepartum UTIs can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes that may induce mental stress
postpartum depression (PPD) is defined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) [4] as a major depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery
Demographics Data for a total of 55,087 women who had singleton pregnancies between January 2001 and June 2013 was utilized in this study, including data for a total of 406 women who were newly diagnosed with PPD in the first 6 months postpartum
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in pregnant women due to anatomic and physiologic changes in the female urinary tract during pregnancy, and antepartum UTIs can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes that may induce mental stress. There have only been a few studies, investigating antepartum UTIs and mental stress. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the association between antepartum UTIs and postpartum depression (PPD). Previous epidemiological studies have reported that postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in approximately 10–15% of women after delivery [1,2,3]. PPD is defined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) [4] as a major depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery. Women experience substantial physiological and psychological changes. These changes may lead postpartum depressive mood. Previous studies have highlighted numerous risk factors associated with PPD including physical, psychological, obstetric, pediatric, socio-demographic, and cultural factors [8, 9]
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