Abstract
Olfactory proteins form the basis of insect olfactory recognition, which is crucial for host identification, mating, and oviposition. Using transcriptome analysis of Anoplophora glabripennis antenna, we identified 42 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 14 pheromone-degrading enzymes (PDEs), 1 odorant-degrading enzymes (ODE), 37 odorant receptors (ORs), 11 gustatory receptors (GRs), 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), and 4 ionotropic receptor (IR). All CSPs and PBPs were expressed in antennae, confirming the authenticity of the transcriptome data. CSP expression profiles showed that AglaCSP3, AglaCSP6, and AglaCSP12 were expressed preferentially in maxillary palps and AglaCSP7 and AglaCSP9 were strongly expressed in antennae. The vast majority of CSPs were highly expressed in multiple chemosensory tissues, suggesting their participation in olfactory recognition in almost all olfactory tissues. Intriguingly, the PBP AglaPBP2 was preferentially expressed in antenna, indicating that it is the main protein involved in efficient and sensitive pheromone recognition. Phylogenetic analysis of olfactory proteins indicated AglaGR1 may detect CO2. This study establishes a foundation for determining the chemoreception molecular mechanisms of A. glabripennis, which would provide a new perspective for controlling pest populations, especially those of borers.
Highlights
During the coevolution of plants and insects, communication systems evolved that rely strongly on the insect olfactory system
The antenna transcriptome of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) contributes provides important data for the identification of olfactory proteins in species in Coleoptera, and especially in species belonging to Cerambycidae, for which olfactory genes have only been identified in M. alternatus[39,40] and B. horsfieldi[41]
In the ALB antenna transcriptome, we identified 42 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 14 pheromone-degrading enzymes (PDEs), 37 odorant receptors (ORs), 11 gustatory receptors (GRs), 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), and 4 ionotropic receptor (IR); this analysis substantially extends our knowledge of olfactory-related genes in coleopteran insects
Summary
During the coevolution of plants and insects, communication systems evolved that rely strongly on the insect olfactory system. One, based on an ecological perspective, attempts to control A. glabripennis in China by planting mixtures of sensitive and protected tree species Both types are planted together to identify host trees and resistant or rarely infested trees. The second type has relied on the identification of ALB pheromones and plant volatiles. This has provided the basis for artificial insect trapping, which has greatly benefited eradication and management programs in both introduced and native ranges. Degrade odorants, including pheromone-degrading enzymes (PDEs) and odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs)[7] These proteins are involved in the olfactory pathway for odorant sensing and interact with each other to form a unified, functional olfactory system. Their locations are not limited to chemosensory organs; they probably have other functions in addition to transporting odorants[12]
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