Abstract
Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of worker bees to ethanol extract of virgin (8-day-old), young mated (23-day-old) and old mated (at least 1 year old) honey bee queens Apis mellifera carnica Pollm were investigated. Results revealed statistically significant differences in EAG responses to pheromones of virgin queens and mated laying queens. The extract of 8-day-old virgin queens evoked the strongest olfactory response. The level of EAG response depended on the pheromone dose. Chromatographic analysis showed that four components more volatile than (E)-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (9-ODA) prevailed in the extract of 8-day-old virgin queens. These components were absent or their amounts decreased in the mated queen extracts. The components more volatile than 9-ODA are assumed to account for a highly EAG-active pheromone of 8-day-old virgin queens.
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