Abstract
This paper presents a radio frequency system that can be used to perform precise vertical landings of drones. The system is based on the three-way phase shift detection of a signal transmitted from the landing point. The antenna system is designed by taking into account parameters such as landing tracking area, analog to digital converter (ADC) resolution, phase detector output range, antenna polarization and the effect of antenna axial ratio. The fabricated prototype consists of a landing point antenna that transmits a signal at 2.46 GHz, as well as a drone tri-antenna system that includes a phase shift detection circuitry, ADC and a simple control program that provides the correction instructions for landing. The prototype provides an averaged output data rate (ODR) suitable for landing maneuvers (>300 Hz). A simple system calibration procedure (detector output zeroing) is performed by aligning the antenna system. The measurements performed at different altitudes demonstrate both the correct operation of the proposed solution and its viability as an instrument for precision vertical landings.
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