Abstract
Miniaturized antenna system for the safety of miners in an underground mine for providing communication has been presented in this paper. Miniaturization of the proposed antennas is achieved by using printed inverted-F and inverted-L elements. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna geometry for GSM application is over 16%. Measured and simulated characteristics of the antenna agree very well. The measured gain of the antenna, with a two-director, is over 4.98 dBi when mounted on a ground plane and around 5.2 dBi when placed on the wall of an underground mine. Proper placement of the antenna in the mine environment is discussed for better communication for miners. Experimental validation of the antenna system is performed in a real underground mine. The radiation performance of the system is also studied in the mine environment. The proposed antenna may be suitable for establishing communication in underground mines to ensure the safety of miners.
Highlights
Miniaturized antenna designs for the application of wireless communications in mining industries have attracted the attention of engineers all over the world
This paper proposes a Yagi concept-based printed antenna using inverted-F and inverted-L planar structures working for the GSM frequency band which can be applicable for underground mining communication systems
We propose a structural design for the antenna that comprises printed inverted-F (IFA) and invertedL (ILA) antenna elements to achieve the desired bandwidth as well as miniaturization
Summary
Miniaturized antenna designs for the application of wireless communications in mining industries have attracted the attention of engineers all over the world. The antenna is resonating at center frequency of 9.1 GHz applicable for commercial wireless LAN and satellite communication. In [9], a low-profile planar Yagi-Uda antenna having I-shaped resonators is presented which can be used for satellite communication and wireless LAN applications. The antenna has an operating frequency centered at 6.5 GHz. A printed Quasi-Yagi antenna employing monopole elements is proposed [10] applicable for Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and mobile communication. The antenna operates at a center frequency of 2.04 GHz. In [11], a compact nonreciprocal Yagi-Uda antenna is proposed which can be applied in communication, sensing, and radar systems.
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