Abstract
A new multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna configuration with wideband and low sidelobe level (SLL) is introduced for ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR). The proposed MIMO antenna has 15 transmitting and 16 receiving antenna arrays, arranged in two parallel straight lines, to synthesize a virtual array of 256 elements suitable for monitoring relatively large areas. The inter-element spaces are optimized to $\lambda $ between transmitting elements and $4\lambda $ between receiving elements, to realize both low mutual coupling and an inferior SLL of lower than −37 dB for the overall MIMO antenna. The MIMO antenna element has eight rectangular patch linear arrays working at 17.1 GHz. A traveling wave-feeding network with center excitation is used to feed each element, in order to reduce the SLL and achieve a wide bandwidth of more than 300 MHz. The antenna array shows a gain of 14.3 dBi and half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of 10° and 105° in the elevation and azimuth planes, respectively. The performance of the proposed design satisfies the GB-SAR requirements, which are validated by fabrication and measurement.
Highlights
The development of devices that aid ground surface disaster prevention is in great demand worldwide, in countries that experience unstable environmental changes such as earthquakes, rainfall, and severe weather
A conventional ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) system comprises transmitting and receiving horn antennas sliding on a metal bar to cover the required synthetic aperture
The rapid data acquisition of GB-SAR has a vital role in assessing swiftly changing atmospheric effects, and it can be employed to measure the vibrations of large structures [9]
Summary
The development of devices that aid ground surface disaster prevention is in great demand worldwide, in countries that experience unstable environmental changes such as earthquakes, rainfall, and severe weather. The development of new MIMO antenna configurations for radar systems to monitor large areas is demanded. In [13] a MIMO radar was constructed with 4 × 4 horn antennas operating at the X-band. A 6 × 6 folded dipole MIMO antenna working at the C-band was used to configure a MIMO radar to synthesize an spaced virtual array of 36 elements [16]. A 2 × 6 planar MIMO antenna with coaxial cavity horn elements was used to construct a MIMO radar system with great area coverage [17]. All these researches employed horn antennas as transmitting and receiving sensors, and they occupy large areas. The synthesized aperture is still too small and is insufficient for use over large observation areas
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