Abstract
System analysis is a powerful tool for researching modern wireless systems. This includes breaking such systems into parts that make them up and studying how these parts work together. All these parts can be represented as “black boxes” in the form of two-port or multiport networks with the common system of parameters. Antenna is an integral part of any wireless system, so it should be also represented as a two-port network. In this paper, an analytical model of an arbitrary single antenna in the form of a two-port network, whose electrical and noise parameters are described in terms of scattering matrices, is obtained. The initial data for creating the model are the antenna fundamental parameters, viz., the input reflection coefficient and the radiation efficiency. Applications of this model for antenna analysis operating in the transmitting, receiving, and scattering modes are demonstrated. A numerical example using the antenna scattering matrix for computer simulation of a wireless connection is given.
Highlights
Introduction eIEEE standard [1] defines an antenna as “a terminal devise of a transmitting or receiving system which is designed to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves”; thereunder the antenna operating in the transmission mode is usually represented as the load impedance and in the receiving mode as the evenin or Norton equivalent generator [2, 3]
One of the first attempts to represent an antenna in the form of an electromagnetic wave converter was made in [6], where the field in free space was presented as an infinite sum of spherical harmonics, which made this antenna model inconvenient for use
In [14,15,16], the authors developed a technique for the experimental determination of S-parameters of the antenna two-port network, which is based on the Wheeler cap method
Summary
We find the scattering matrix SII of the two-port network II, assuming that its input terminals are connected to a transmission line of the characteristic impedance Zc, and the output terminals are connected to a virtual transmission line that simulates free space. E transmission line section included into the two-port network shifts out the port reference plane on distance l producing the phase delay φ 2πl/λ0 in (8), where λ0 is the wavelength in free space. The reference planes of the input and output terminals of a two-port network coincide
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