Antarctic fungi applied to textile dye bioremediation.

Daniela M Kita,Lara D Sette,Thaís T Yoshinaga,Elisa P Pellizzer,Patricia Giovanella

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220210234

Daniela M Kita, Lara D Sette + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210234

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Abstract

Antarctica has one of the most hostile conditions on the planet. The environmental characteristics found in this region favor the development of extremophile microorganisms, which are poorly explored biotechnologically. In this context, this study aimed at selectively isolating fungi with potential for the bioremediation of a textile dye. A total of 11 filamentous fungi were isolated from Antarctic samples after incubation in Minimal Mineral medium with the addition of Sulphur Indigo Blue dye. The Antarctic-derived fungi were submitted to textile dye decolorization analysis and biomass production. Isolates LAMAI 2400 and LAMAI 2402 showed more than 90% of decolorization at 15 °C, whereas at 28 °C these isolates showed 81.86 and 98.89%, respectively. In general, the toxicity of the bioassays, evaluated using Cucumis sativus, was higher than in the control. Both isolates, LAMAI 2400 and LAMAI 2402, were identified as Penicillium cf. oxalicum and classified as mesophilic-psychrotolerant. This fungal species has rarely been reported in the Antarctic environments. The results presented herein indicate the potential of the fungi recovered from Antarctic marine sediments for bioremediation of textile dyes at low and moderate temperatures, broadening the perspectives in the field of Antarctic mycology.

Highlights

The Antarctic environment presents hostile conditions, being characterized by low temperatures, high incidence of radiation, high salinity, frequent freeze-thaw cycles, dryness, low nutrient content and long periods of darkness (Onofri et al 2007, D’elia et al 2009, Yergeau & Kowalchuk 2008)
The results presented indicate the potential of the fungi recovered from Antarctic marine sediments for bioremediation of textile dyes at low and moderate temperatures, broadening the perspectives in the field of Antarctic mycology
Isolation of filamentous fungi from soils and marine sediments The enrichment strategy applied in this study allowed the isolation of 11 potentially textile dyedegrading filamentous fungi from marine and terrestrial samples collected during OPERANTAR XXXVII (December 2018)

Summary

Introduction

The Antarctic environment presents hostile conditions, being characterized by low temperatures, high incidence of radiation (mainly UV), high salinity, frequent freeze-thaw cycles, dryness, low nutrient content and long periods of darkness (Onofri et al 2007, D’elia et al 2009, Yergeau & Kowalchuk 2008). All these factors hinder the development of many forms of life (Wilkins et al 2013), and the survival in such extreme conditions requires adaptations (Margesin et al 2002, Duarte et al 2018a). The first includes microorganisms able of growing at 0 °C, with optimum growth at temperatures ≤ 15 °C and maximum growth at temperatures ≤ 20 °C.

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