Abstract
In this study, the antagonistic effect of five bacteria genera namely Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Streptomyces isolated from rhizosphere of wheat were evaluated against Fusarium graminearum as potential biocontrol agents in vitro. F. graminearum was molecularly diagnosed using the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Each bacteria were tested for the production of catalase enzyme, oxidase enzyme, analysis of starch, analyze of gelatin, and the motility, where Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Bacillus subtilis were positive for all tested. Fungal inhibition tests were performed by using the dual culture method and agar well diffusion technique. Among them, Streptomyces and Azospirillum exhibited potent inhibition to the growth of F. graminearum (72.14% and 66.42%) respectively, followed by B.pumillus, P.fluorescens, B. subtilis and Azotobacter ( 58.28%, 43.23%, 39.71% and 35.71%) respectively as compared with the control treatment (0.0%).The dry weight of the fungus biomass was decreased with bacteria P. fluorescens, Streptomyces sp, Azotobacter sp, Azospirillum sp, B. subtilis, and B. pumillus which reached (0.114, 0.103, 0.147, 0.101, 0.143, and 0.107 g) respectively compared to the control treatment that was 0. 665 g.
Highlights
The growth and development of plants are affected by plant diseases which result in a reduction in output and product quality (Salim et al, 2017)
Streptomyces and Azospirillum exhibited potent inhibition to the growth of F. graminearum (72.14% and 66.42%) respectively, followed by B.pumillus, P.fluorescens, B. subtilis and Azotobacter ( 58.28%, 43.23%, 39.71% and 35.71%) respectively as compared with the control treatment (0.0%).The dry weight of the fungus biomass was decreased with bacteria P. fluorescens, Streptomyces sp, Azotobacter sp, Azospirillum sp, B. subtilis, and B. pumillus which reached (0.114, 0.103, 0.147, 0.101, 0.143, and 0.107 g) respectively compared to the control treatment that was 0. 665 g
Streptomyces and Azospirillum were significantly superior in inhibition of fungus (72.14% and 66.42%) respectively followed by B. pumillus, P. fluorescens, B. subtilis, and Azotobacter (58.28%, 43.23%, 39.71%, and 35.71%, respectively) compared with the control treatment. as shown in Table (3), it was noticed that a significant decrease in dry weight of the fungus biomass with bacteria P. fluorescens, Streptomyces, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, B. subtilis, and B. pumillus which reached 0.114, 0.103, 0.147, 0.101, 0.143, and 0.107 g, respectively compared with the control traetment (0. 665 g)
Summary
The growth and development of plants are affected by plant diseases which result in a reduction in output and product quality (Salim et al, 2017). Fusarium graminearum is the most aggressive species against wheat plants through pathogenicity tests and causes extensive damage through losses in grain yield and grain contamination with mycotoxins (Cuilin, 2001). The followed procedures to control such disease was only depended on the use of chemical fungicides, but extensive use of these pesticides led to significant damage to the ecosystem, human health, and their livestock, as well as the emergence of pesticide-resistant strains (Rahman et al, 2003; Mohiddin and Khan, 2013). This study was carried out to isolate some bacterial strains such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Streptomyces from the rhizosphere of wheat to study their anti-fungal activities against F. graminearum in vitro
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