Antagonistic effect of Frankia F1 on Ginseng crops soil-borne diseases and microbial community soil structure

Abstract

ABSTRACT Root and rust rot are common fungal diseases that decrease both the yield and quality of ginseng, resulting in severe economic losses for the ginseng industry. In this study, we explored the bacteriostatic and greenhouse control effects that the actinomycetes strain Frankia F1, extracted from the ginseng-rhizosphere soil, has on the pathogenic fungi that cause ginseng root rot (Fusarium solani) and rust rot (Cylindrocarpon destructans). We found that F1 fermentation broth inhibited the rate of mycelia growth by 80.6% and 71.1%, as well as the rate of spore germination by 87.0% and 78.6%, in F. solani. and C. destructans, respectively. Moreover, the antagonistic mechanism of F1 crude extract damaged the cell membranes of pathogens and led to a decreased ability to reduce sugar and soluble protein. The immobilised microorganisms of germ bran and germ bran charcoal improved the physical and chemical properties and soil fertility, improved the microbial community structure, increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria. An F1 biocontrol strategy could reduce economic and agricultural losses within the ginseng industry if implemented.