Abstract
Two Trichoderma spp. (T.harzianum and T.viride) which are well known for their use as biocontrol agents were used in this study and tested for their antagonistic activity against several plant pathogenic (and even human pathogenic) fungi, also the activity was tested against selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The proper conditions for the production of the antifungal compound were determined, and after the production and extraction of the antifungal compounds from the two Trichoderma spp., an attempt to partially characterize the nature of the antifungal compound(s) was done using several chemical analysis methods, and the results showed that the inhibition was due to the production of antifungal compounds that had many similar characteristics for both T.harzianum and T. viride but with a difference in their antifungal actions.
Highlights
At present, around 30% of all plant species have been destroyed by plant pathogens
Results from different studies showed that several strains of Trichoderma had a significant reducing effect on plant diseases caused by pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Phythium aphanidermatium, Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici under greenhouse and field conditions [7,8,9,10,11]
Mycelial disks (7mm in diameter) of pathogenic fungi were placed on one edge of a petri dish containg potato dextrose agar (PDA) or Sabroud agar in the case of human pathogenic fungi, while mycelia disks of Trichoderma spp. (T.harzianum and T.viride) were placed on the opposite side of the plate
Summary
Around 30% of all plant species have been destroyed by plant pathogens. Pesticides and organic compounds are widely used to control plant pathogens in many countries. Trichoderma species have been investigated for over 80 years They have been used recently as biological control agents and their isolates have become commercially available of late. This development is largely the result of a change in public attitude towards the use of chemical pesticides and fumigates such as methyl bromide (2 and 3). In this respect, Trichoderma spp. have been studied as biological control agents against soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi [4,5,6]. Some of these metabolites have been isolated from sporulating or mycelial cultures but subcultivation decreased the production of the peptide antibiotics produced by Trichoderma isolates (19and 20)
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