Abstract
Phomopsis sojae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are responsible for stem and pod dryness and white mold in soybean. These pathologies directly affect the quality of seeds/grains and compromise the entire plant. The use of extracts from different plants has been the subject of research for the control of several phytopathogens. Calotropis procera is among botanical species that synthesize efficient compounds for biocontrol. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of C. procera aqueous extract on P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (two fungi and five extract concentrations 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) with 4 replicates. C. procera aqueous extract concentrations were added to Petri dishes containing PDA. After 48 hours, the mycelial growth rate was evaluated. After seven days of incubation, the fungal colony area, sporulation, and germination of P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum were evaluated. There was significant interaction between fungi × extract concentrations (p < 0.05) for all variables analyzed. The mycelial growth rate of P. sojae was lower than that of S. sclerotiorum. The diameter of the P. sojae fungal colony was smaller than that of S. sclerotiorum when concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% were used. As the extract concentration increased, fungi sporulation and germination reduced.
Highlights
Soybeans (Glycine max L.) belongs to the Fabaceae family and is an annual cycle plant with determined, indeterminate and semi-determined growth habit
S. sclerotiorum attacks the entire plant by depositing its mycelium (Ranjan et al, 2018)
In view of the need for alternative control of these phytopathogens and the possibility of biocontrol by C. procera, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different C. procera aqueous extract concentrations on P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum
Summary
Soybeans (Glycine max L.) belongs to the Fabaceae family and is an annual cycle plant with determined, indeterminate and semi-determined growth habit It is one of the main oilseeds grown worldwide (Oliveira & Hecht, 2016). Several plant pathogenic fungi (Hosseini et al, 2020; Haddad et al, 2017) affect soybean crop, among which Phomopsis sojae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum stand out. These phytopathogens cause dry stem (Hosseini et al, 2020) and white mold (Pawlowski et al, 2019) respectively. The large-scale use of agrochemicals has resulted in problems such as environmental pollution, decreased biodiversity, and resistance to pathogens, among others (Haq et al, 2020)
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