Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have recently attracted increasing research interest, on account of environmental issues and diminishing fuel reserves. EVs are environmentally friendly but have a short driving range. EVs must utilize energy efficiently, because they travel with limited energy. Conventional vehicle routing methods are not suitable for EVs, as they do not take energy consumption into account. This study introduces an energy efficient routing method using ant colony optimization (ER-ACO) to maximize the energy efficiency. We simulated ER-ACO and compared it with other ACO techniques, including the conventional routing method and other approaches for EVs. As a result, the proposed model improved the energy efficiency in terms of both the average distance per kW and average energy consumption.
Highlights
Research on electric vehicles (EVs) is necessary owing to the situation of diminishing fossil fuels and climate change
Unlike conventional vehicle routing models, which assume that the energy consumption is a linear function of the travel distance and time, we modeled the energy consumption by considering the speed and the gradient of the road
This paper has presented an energy efficient routing method for EVs
Summary
Research on electric vehicles (EVs) is necessary owing to the situation of diminishing fossil fuels and climate change. The first is a hybrid vehicle (HEV), which employs a combination of electricity and fossil fuels. The second is a plug-in hybrid vehicle (P- HEV), which employs electrical power for short distances and fossil fuels for long distances. There are electric vehicles that utilize electrical energy exclusively. EVs have three main advantages compared with conventional vehicles. EVs are better for the environment, as they obtain their motive power from rechargeable batteries. This means that they function as a clean source of energy. EVs introduce a cost-saving effect, as electrical energy is cheaper than traditional fuels such as petrol and diesel. EVs reduce noise pollution, and electric motors provide a softer driving experience for drivers
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