Abstract
Abstract. Generally, in the traditional architecture of Canada and the United States, wood has been used as the main and almost exclusive material for the construction of the buildings of early settlers as it was abundant in the area. Thus, log cabins or wooden frame houses and cottages have become the chief representatives of traditional Canadian and North American architecture. However, wood was expensive or not always at hand in some parts of both countries, so that other materials such as earth, stone, and lime or gypsum were used by the new settlers to build the first constructions. Consequently, different constructive techniques associated with these materials are found in their traditional architecture, some even imported from Europe, with specific links to the individual places of origin of those who built the buildings. This paper aims to provide an initial overview and classification of the use of other materials and other constructive techniques which are also characteristic of a part of traditional architecture common to both Canada and the North of the United States: It also offers an exploration of different specific individual examples including stovewood constructions, sod houses (soddies), and cobblestone structures.
Highlights
It is practically impossible not to associate traditional architecture in Canada and the United States with wooden constructions, that is, log cabins or sawn wooden frame houses (Figures 1 and 2)
This study offers an exploration of other traditional constructive techniques, aiming to promote a more thorough examination of its importance, historical development and future perspective and specific technical details
Below follows an initial examination of the most unique and, to a great extent, least known, constructive techniques using timber, earth, and stone, and mainly found in Canada and the United States, where both countries share the geographical landmarks of the Great Lakes and Great Prairies
Summary
It is practically impossible not to associate traditional architecture in Canada and the United States with wooden constructions, that is, log cabins or sawn wooden frame houses (Figures 1 and 2). In some cases it was possible to observe wattle-and-daub walls, like those in England, these were most likely used as filling These constructions were not made exclusively of wood and some of them, such as the wigwam, took their inspiration from Native American Indian constructions (Figure 5). Personal visits were carried out whenever possible to traditional constructions in order to access sources of information directly It should be borne in mind that several of the buildings used as examples of the constructive techniques examined in this study sadly no longer exist, and all that is left of them is bibliographical or photographic evidence or later reconstructions in natural parks.
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