Abstract
Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, efficient vectors in parts of Asia and Africa, were found in 75.3% of water sources surveyed and contributed to 80.9% of wild-caught Anopheles mosquitoes in Awash Sebat Kilo, Ethiopia. High susceptibility of these mosquitoes to Plasmodium falciparum and vivax infection presents a challenge for malaria control in the Horn of Africa.
Highlights
An. stephensi mosquitoes have spread from Asia throughout the Horn of Africa, detected in Djibouti in 2012 [11], Ethiopia in 2016 [12], and Sudan in 2019 [3]
The widescale presence of An. stephensi mosquitoes in developmental stages in artificial water bodies demonstrates that these mosquitoes are firmly established in an urban setting in Ethiopia, located on the main transportation corridor from Djibouti to Addis Ababa
Our detection of salivary gland sporozoites establishes that sporogonic development of local P. vivax can be completed by An. stephensi mosquitoes
Summary
Author affiliations: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Adult An. stephensi mosquitoes reared from immature mosquitoes from local water sources and a colony of An. arabiensis mosquitoes (≈120 each) were fed in the dark for 30 min on membrane feeders containing fresh blood from Adama malaria clinic patients with microscopy-confirmed mono- and mixedspecies infections with P. vivax and P. falciparum [10]. We detected P. vivax in 2.8% (2/72) and P. falciparum in 1.4% (1/72) of wild-caught An. stephensi mosquitoes.
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