Abstract
Privacy protection in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has always been a research hotspot, especially the issue of vehicle authentication, which is critical to ensure the safe communication of vehicles. However, using the real identity in the process of authentication can easily result in a leak of the privacy information of the vehicles. Therefore, most existing privacy-protection schemes use anonymous authentication and require one-to-one communication between vehicles and the trusted authority (TA). However, when the number of vehicles is too large, network congestion can take place. In addition, the process of updating the anonymous by the TA or the vehicle itself, can result in both poor real-time performance and leakage of the system master key. To solve these problems, this study proposes a fog-computing-based anonymous-authentication scheme for VANETs; the scheme reduces the communication burden of the TA by enabling self-authentication between vehicles and road-side units (RSUs), thus improving the vehicle-authentication efficiency. For updating the anonymous, we design a fog-computing-based pseudonym-updating and -tracking strategy, which guarantees real-time communication and reduces the instances of re-authentication interactions for legitimate vehicles. The experimental results show that the scheme not only meets the privacy-protection requirements of VANETs but also offers better performance than that of the existing anonymous-authentication schemes.
Highlights
The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a core component of the intelligent transportation system and plays an indispensable role in many aspects such as improving communication efficiency and reducing traffic accidents [1]
The nodes of VANET comprise the following two parts: the onboard unit (OBU), which is installed in vehicles and the road-side unit (RSU), which is located on the road-side [2]
To avoid tracking attacks, vehicles need to change their pseudonyms frequently. These existing schemes can verify the identities of vehicles in the VANET, by which malicious vehicles could be prevented from communicating with other legitimate vehicles or RSUs, and, the privacy information of the vehicles could be protected
Summary
The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a core component of the intelligent transportation system and plays an indispensable role in many aspects such as improving communication efficiency and reducing traffic accidents [1]. To avoid tracking attacks, vehicles need to change their pseudonyms frequently At the beginning, these existing schemes can verify the identities of vehicles in the VANET, by which malicious vehicles could be prevented from communicating with other legitimate vehicles or RSUs, and, the privacy information of the vehicles could be protected. We proposed a novel authentication scheme that leverages fog-computing architecture to protect the privacy of vehicles (i.e., achieving anonymity) for the VANET. 2. By introducing fog computing to generate and update the anonymity of vehicles, legitimate vehicles do not need to authenticate all the RSUs in the driving period, thereby reducing the times of authentications between legitimate vehicles and RSUs. The rest of this paper is structured as follows: Section 2 details the related work; Section 3 provides the system model; Section 4 presents the proposed scheme; Section 5 provides the security analysis of this paper.
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