Abstract
The temperature dependence of the surface tension (T) of liquid gallium is studied theoretically and experimentally using light scattering from capillary waves. The theoretical model based on the Gibbs thermodynamics relates / T to the surface excess entropy density - S. Although capillary waves contribute to the surface entropy with a positive sign, the effect of the dipole layer on S is negative. Experimental data collected at a free Ga surface in the temperature range from 30 °C to 160 °C show that / T changes sign near 100 °C.
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