Abstract
In fuel cells the underlying reactions take place at the catalyst layers composed of materials favoring the desired electrochemical reactions. This paper introduces a formulation process for a catalyst inkjet ink used as an anode for a fully printed flexible fuel cell stack. The optimal ink formulation was 2.5 wt% of carbon–platinum–ruthenium mixture with 0.5% Nafion concentration in a diacetone alcohol solvent vehicle. The best jetting performance was achieved when 1 wt% binder was included in the ink formulation. Anodes with resistivity of approximately 0.1 Ω cm were inkjet printed, which is close to the commercial anode resistivity of 0.05 Ω cm. The anodes were used in fuel cell stacks that were prepared by utilizing only printing methods. The best five-cell-air-breathing stack showed an open circuit potential under H2/air conditions of 3.4 V. The peak power of this stack was 120 µW cm−2 at 1.75 V, with a resistance obtained from potentiostatic impedance analysis of 295 Ohm cm2. The printed electrodes showed a performance suitable for low-performance solutions, such as powering single-use sensors.
Highlights
Printing processes are potential methods for fabricating electronic devices, including electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells
This paper introduces a formulation process for a catalyst inkjet ink used as an anode for a fully printed flexible fuel cell stack
This paper focuses on delivering a solution for a high performance anode to be used as a part of a fully printed flexible fuel cell stack
Summary
Printing processes are potential methods for fabricating electronic devices, including electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells. Since the manufacture of electrochemical devices requires accuracy, reliability and reproducibility at low cost [1], printing processes are considered suitable candidates for all fabrication steps [2]. Printing processes make it possible to realize flexible versions of fuel cells, enabling new types of applications and integration into flexible devices (e.g. wearables), or packaging the power source where space is tight. Inkjet technologies can be divided into continuous stream (CS) and drop-ondemand (DOD) inkjet. These technologies are further broken into sub-technologies that differ from each
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