Abstract

This paper analyzes annuity, as a periodical obligation, which can emanate either from a contract, as in the case of maintainance or life annuity contract, or from tort. In the latter case, it has the function to provide compensation for future loss, but not in a single payment, which is regularly the consequence of liability for torts. The justification for such successive means of compensation is that by certain types of torts, such as in the case of disability or decreased ability to work, damage does not appear in one given moment, but accrues periodically, as successive future loss. An employee, for example, suffering personal injury, may become disabled to work or their ability to work may decrease, thereby they may earn less than previously. Damage in this case accrues each month in the amount of the difference between the wages earned before and after the injury. The author differentiates between successive annuity, as a rule, and cumulative annuity (lump sump), as an exception, justified by special considerations on the side of the injured, such as the need to bear the costs of professional retraining, for example. Regarding the determination of the amount of monthly annuity, the subject of analysis was the method of actuarial calculation, which takes into account both present damage and future loss. Due to the hypothetical nature of some elements of such determination, the law allows a subsequent revision of judgment on the amount of annuity, which has become conclusive, if the circumstances concerning the injured person's ability to work has changed substantially in the meantime. For instance, due to the subsequent deterioration of injured person's ability to work, they may earn less or may not earn at all. Such subsequent revision of the judgment does not break through the rules on legal finality of judgments, since the effect of legal finality does not comprise new circumstances of the case. The author supports the standpoint that annuity is an adequate form of compensation for disability or decreased ability to work, since in such case the future loss accrues successively, in monthly differences of wages before and after the injury. Contrarily, by the overall decrease of viability, causing mental suffering due to impossibility of accomplishing former capabilities (such as the sense of sight, disability of movement), annuity is not a proper form of compensation, since immaterial damage does not emerge periodically, but in a single moment and lasts uninterruptedly.

Highlights

  • It has the function to provide compensation for future loss, but not in a single payment, which is regularly the consequence of liability for torts. The justification for such successive means of compensation is that by certain types of torts, such as in the case of disability or decreased ability to work, damage does not appear in one given moment, but accrues periodically, as successive future loss

  • For example, suffering personal injury, may become disabled to work or their ability to work may decrease, thereby they may earn less than previously. Damage in this case accrues each month in the amount of the difference between the wages earned before and after the injury

  • József Szalma, Academician, DSC, Dr.Hc., Full Professor University of Novi Sad Faculty of Law Novi Sad

Read more

Summary

РЕНТА КАО ОБЛИК НАКНАДЕ ДЕЛИКТНЕ МАТЕРИЈАЛНЕ ШТЕТЕ

Сажетак: У раду се указује да је рента сукцесивна (периодична) облигација. Може бити уговорног порекла, као што је то случај са уговором о доживотном издржавању.Рента може имати и деликтно порекло и тада има функцију накнаде штете, тако да се штета не надокнађује одједном, у јединственом износу, као што је то по правилу случај код накнаде штете. Код утврђивања висине месечне ренте анализирају се метод актуарског рачуна, код кога се води рачуна о елементима садашње и будуће штете.Због хипотетичких чињеничних елемената актуарског рачуна, закон допушта накнадну ревизију правноснажне пресуде о ренти, уколико су се околности у вези зараде остварене после оштећења битно измениле, у односу на стварне и хипотетичне чињенице које су се имале у виду у време досуђивања рентне накнаде, тако да је зарада битно умањена или је престала, услед погоршања радне способности. Кључне речи: Рента као облик накнаде штете код умањења радне способности, сукцесивна рента, кумулативна рента, уговорна и деликтна рента, актуарски рачун као метод утврђивања висине ренте, метод повратног утужења, метод аналогије са пензионим осигурањем, регресно право носиоца пензијског и инвалидског осигурања према штетнику

Појам и врсте ренте
Одштетна рента и сума осигурања
Измена правноснажно утврђене ренте због промењених околности
Закључне напомене
Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call