Abstract
The energy consumption of an electric vehicle is primarily due to the traction subsystem and the comfort subsystem. For a regular trip, the traction energy can be relatively constant but the comfort energy has variation depending on seasonal temperatures. In order to plan the annual charging operation of an eco-campus, a simulation tool is developed for an accurate determination of the consumption of an electric vehicle throughout year. The developed model has been validated by comparison with experimental measurement of a real vehicle on a real driving cycle. Different commuting trips are analyzed over a complete year. For the considered city in France (Lille), the comfort energy consumption has an overconsumption up to 33% in winter due to heating, and only 15% in summer due to air conditioning. The urban commuting driving cycle is more affected by the comfort subsystem than extra-urban trips.
Highlights
Climate change is a critical challenge for humanity in the 21st century
A simulation tool was developed to study the energy consumption of EVs including energy required for passenger comfort
An analysis of the energy consumption of an electric vehicle that includes the data from a real EV
Summary
Climate change is a critical challenge for humanity in the 21st century. In developed countries, the transport sector is the largest producer of greenhouse gases that cause climate change. The CUMIN (Campus of University with Mobility based on Innovation and carbon Neutral) program [5] aims to reduce the emissions from thermal cars, using several strategies including replacing conventional vehicles with electric vehicles supplied by photovoltaic-based charging stations In anticipation of this shift, a simulation tool is necessary for calculating the amount of energy needed by the electric vehicles. One group of methods is based on real-world measurements [25,26] These tools aggregate a large quantity of historical data from different vehicles and can give a good estimation of energy consumption in the future. In [22] an accurate traction model of an EV has been developed to study the impact of velocity profiles on energy consumption, independently of the other factors (such as the climate, driver behaviors or traffic). The accuracy and comparison of the effect of different factors are discussed
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