Abstract
Based on one year of field measurements, we described the annual fluxes of energy and CO2 at a residential area of Tokyo. The major findings are as follows. 1) The total of Rn, H, and LE was 2.36, 1.35, and 0.90 GJ m-2, respectively. The latent heat flux LE was large despite the small areal fraction of natural coverage (trees and bare soil). The estimated local latent heat flux per unit natural coverage was two times larger than the available energy (Rn+A), which indicates that the '‘oasis effect’ was significant. 2) The annual CO2 flux was upward due to fossil fuel consumption in houses and traffic and human bodily exhalations. The total CO2 flux was 3352 gC m-2 and was six times larger than the downward CO2 flux at a typical temperate deciduous forest.
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