Abstract
BackgroundPinus pinaster Ait. is a major resin producing species in Spain. Genetic linkage mapping can facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) through the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and selection of allelic variants of interest in breeding populations. In this study, we report annotated genetic linkage maps for two individuals (C14 and C15) belonging to a breeding program aiming to increase resin production. We use different types of DNA markers, including last-generation molecular markers.ResultsWe obtained 13 and 14 linkage groups for C14 and C15 maps, respectively. A total of 211 and 215 markers were positioned on each map and estimated genome length was between 1,870 and 2,166 cM respectively, which represents near 65% of genome coverage. Comparative mapping with previously developed genetic linkage maps for P. pinaster based on about 60 common markers enabled aligning linkage groups to this reference map. The comparison of our annotated linkage maps and linkage maps reporting QTL information revealed 11 annotated SNPs in candidate genes that co-localized with previously reported QTLs for wood properties and water use efficiency.ConclusionsThis study provides genetic linkage maps from a Spanish population that shows high levels of genetic divergence with French populations from which segregating progenies have been previously mapped. These genetic maps will be of interest to construct a reliable consensus linkage map for the species. The importance of developing functional genetic linkage maps is highlighted, especially when working with breeding populations for its future application in MAS for traits of interest.
Highlights
Pinus pinaster Ait. is a major resin producing species in Spain
As genome organization is well conserved in conifers, comparative mapping is a useful strategy to find homologous chromosomal segments involved in the genetic control of economical and adaptive traits [24,25]
Our result suggests the existence of an orthologous sequence between P. pinaster and P. taeda genomes for the region amplified by PtIFG_8436 marker in linkage groups (LG) 10 and a paralogous sequence in LG 7 of P. pinaster genome
Summary
Pinus pinaster Ait. is a major resin producing species in Spain. Genetic linkage mapping can facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) through the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and selection of allelic variants of interest in breeding populations. Maritime pine (Pinus Pinaster Ait.) is one of the most important species in the Mediterranean region for its ecology and wood productiveness As other conifers, this long lived species dominates different landscapes and can withstand severe environmental conditions [1]. As genome organization is well conserved in conifers, comparative mapping is a useful strategy to find homologous chromosomal segments involved in the genetic control of economical and adaptive traits [24,25] Traditional molecular makers, such as proteins, RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms), RAPDs (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs), AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) and nSSRs (nuclear Simple Sequence Repeats) have help to build a first generation genetic linkage maps in forest trees [26,27]. SAMPL combines the advantages of AFLPs and microsatellites resulting in higher percentage of polymorphic markers per assay and higher repeatability between assays [33]
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